QUOTE (Novelty @ May 17 2005, 12:40 PM)
Well, I googled for this and got the following pages:
From
The Straight Dope:
QUOTE
While Marie Antoinette was certainly enough of a bubblehead to have said the phrase in question, there is no evidence that she actually did so, and in any case she did not originate it. The peasants-have-no-bread story was in common currency at least since the 1760s as an illustration of the decadence of the aristocracy. The political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau mentions it in his Confessions in connection with an incident that occurred in 1740. (He stole wine while working as a tutor in Lyons and then had problems trying to scrounge up something to eat along with it.) He concludes thusly: "Finally I remembered the way out suggested by a great princess when told that the peasants had no bread: 'Well, let them eat cake.'"
Now, J.-J. may have been embroidering this yarn with a line he had really heard many years later. But even so, at the time he was writing--early 1766--Marie Antoinette was only ten years old and still four years away from her marriage to the future Louis XVI.
From
Ask Yahoo:
QUOTE
However, "Let them eat brioche" isn't quite as cold a sentiment as you might imagine. At the time, French law required bakers to sell fancy breads at the same low price as the plain breads if they ran out of the latter. The goal was to prevent bakers from making very little cheap bread and then profiting off the fancy, expensive bread. Whoever really said "Let them eat brioche" may have meant that the bakery laws should be enforced so the poor could eat the fancy bread if there wasn't enough plain bread to go around.
What is "brioche"? I asked my friend who is ethnic French and is currently living in Paris, and he confirms that brioche isn't cake. Cake is gâteau. Please do keep in mind that the french are very specific (to the point of almost being anal) about describing objects. For example: bubbly white wine can only be called champagne if it comes from a certain geographical region in France.
So what is "brioche"? Again from The Straight Dope:
QUOTE
Brioche is a sort of crusty bun, typically containing milk, flour, eggs, sugar, butter, and whatnot. It's considered a delicacy, and as far as I can determine (which is pretty far) has been since the Middle Ages. According to one cooking historian, brioche originally contained brie cheese, whence the name. Nicolas Bonnefons, writing in Delices de la campagne in 1679, gives a recipe for brioche that calls for butter and soft cheese, plus a glaze containing beaten eggs and (if desired) honey.
OK, now I'm hungry

And that's your Foreign language lesson of the day courtesy of
moi and Google.
Fantastic information, but the quote "..illustration of the decadence of the aristocracy." is in fact an error. Marie-Antoinette was Queen, a member of the Royal Family by both birth and marriage, and not a member of the aristocracy. Sounds nitpicky? It is, but as you noted, French society in the Ancien Regime was highly structured and segmented. The King was God's annointed ruler, and French society, under him, was divided up into three groups: The Church, The Nobility, and the rest (the 3rd estate). Movement between the three groups was possible, but movement from the three groups to the Royal Family was virtually unheard of.
It is much more likely that the second quote is accurate. Despite their reputations, both Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette were deeply troubled by famine in the kingdom, both for humanitarian reasons and for the unrest it caused.
I might note, tongue in cheek, that it pays to research before you post.
Nice job Novelty.